频率稳定度与守时钟组配置关系研究CSCD

通过对中小型守时实验室对时间尺度稳定度的需求分析,以目前主流守时钟5071A为例,利用国际权度局公布的原子钟数据,研究不同钟组配置与时间尺度稳定度的关系,为中小时间实验室守时钟组的优化配置提供参考依据;权重确定是原子时算法的关键之一,通过对不同数量、不同取权规则的原子时计算结果进行统计分析与比较,提出中小时间实验室原子时尺度算法中的取权原则。     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

四极－十六极分区式线型阱中汞离子囚禁仿真研究

利用SIMION软件建立了四极-十六极分区式线型离子阱系统模型，在此基础上仿真模拟了汞离子在四极阱和十六极阱中被囚禁时的第一稳定区，并分析了离子在不同阱中的运动特性。研究了汞离子云在分区式阱中的囚禁体积和速度分布，以及在不同囚禁区域之间的穿梭过程。模拟得出了稳态情况下分区式阱中不同囚禁区域的粒子数密度分布，验证了分区式离子阱中离子云被连续囚禁、穿梭时粒子数衰减和补偿。同时，根据以上数据分析讨论了汞离子囚禁时的多普勒效应，估算了基于此分区式离子阱的汞离子微波钟的性能水平。     

IIR滤波器在芯片原子钟中的应用

芯片原子钟是具有小体积,低功耗特点的原子钟。本文采用了IIR滤波器方案对芯片原子钟物理系统输出信号进行处理,该方案有利于减小芯片原子钟的体积、提高芯片原子钟短期频率稳定度。实验结果表明,与FIR滤波方案相比,IIR滤波器使用的FPGA资源减小了约58%;与现有模拟滤波方案相比,使用IIR滤波器方案的芯片原子钟频率稳定度提高了1.4×10~(-10)τ~(-1/2)(τ=1s-100s),电路面积减小了10%。     

异地遥测对接可行性探究

针对现有飞行器测控系统遥测对接试验周期长、效率低的不足,提出一种异地遥测对接方法.通过构建异地遥测对接系统结构,得到异地遥测对接信号链路模型.基于系统时钟抖动的频率、相位和采样时间表达形式,对异地遥测对接链路中的信号进行了具体推导.在此基础上,从频率和相位2个方面,定量分析了系统时钟抖动对异地遥测对接信号相参性的影响.分析结果表明：对于Ka频段信号,当应答机端异地遥测对接系统的时钟短期频率稳定度优于1×10^-11时,异地遥测对接系统引入的频率抖动△f≤0.6 Hz,相位抖动△φ≤0.075 rad,可认为异地遥测对接信号的相参性不受影响,异地遥测对接可行.     

HORACE: A compact cold atom clock for Galileo

HORACE (HOrloge à Refroidissement d’Atomes en Cellule = clock based on atoms cooled from vapour cell) is a compact cold caesium atom clock developed in SYRTE at Paris Observatory. This clock can operate both on ground and in microgravity environment. Design of HORACE is based on isotropic light cooling, allowing performing the whole clock sequence (cooling, atomic preparation, Ramsey interrogation and detection) at the same place. Compared to more conventional cold atom clocks such as atomic fountains, the use of isotropic light cooling simplifies both the optical part of the setup and the detection sequence, and leads to a drastic size reduction of the physics package. Very good short-term performances have been demonstrated at SYRTE since relative frequency instability of 2.2 × 10⁻¹³ τ^−1/2 has been obtained. Optimization of the long term stability is still under progress and current results show relative frequency instability around 3 × 10⁻¹⁵ in 10⁴ s of integration. With these performances, HORACE appears as a good candidate both for Galileo’s ground segment clock and for onboard Galileo clock.     

Statistical properties of the IMF clock angle in the solar wind with northward and southward interplanetary magnetic field based on ACE observation from 1998 to 2009: Dependence on the temporal scale of the solar wind

Utilizing ACE satellite observations from 1998 to 2009, we performed the elaborate study on the properties of the clock angle θ_CA (arctan(By/Bz) (?90° to 90°) of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the solar wind at 1?AU. The solar wind with northward IMF (NW-IMF) and southward IMF (SW-IMF) are analyzed, independently. Statistical analysis shows that the solar wind with SW-IMF and NW-IMF has similar properties in general, including their durations, the IMF Bz and By components, and the IMF θ_CA. Then, the solar wind with NW-IMF (SW-IMF) is classified into five different temporal scales according to the duration of the NW-IMF (SW-IMF), i.e., very-short wind of 10–30?min, short-scale wind of 0.5–1?h, moderate-scale wind of 1–3?h, long-scale wind of 3–5?h, and super-long wind >5?h. Our analysis reveals that the IMF θ_CA has a distinct decrease with increase of the temporal scale of the solar wind. Next, the solar wind is classified into two groups, i.e., the high-speed solar wind (>450?km/s) and the low-speed solar wind (<450?km/s). Our analysis indicates that the IMF θ_CA depends highly on the solar wind speed. Statistically, high-speed solar wind tends to have larger IMF θ_CA than low-speed solar wind. The evolutions of the solar wind and IMF with the solar activity are further studied, revealing no clear solar variation of the IMF θ_CA. Finally, we analyze the monthly variation of the IMF θ_CA. Superposed epoch result strongly suggests the seasonal variation of the IMF θ_CA.     

LEO enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System (LeGNSS) for real-time precise positioning services

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in many geosciences areas with its Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. However, GNSS still has its own bottleneck, such as the long initialization period of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) without dense reference network. Recently, the concept of PNTRC (Positioning, Navigation, Timing, Remote sensing and Communication) has been put forward, where Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are recruited to fulfill diverse missions. In navigation aspect, a number of selected LEO satellites can be equipped with a transmitter to transmit similar navigation signals to ground users, so that they can serve as GNSS satellites but with much faster geometric change to enhance GNSS capability, which is named as LEO constellation enhanced GNSS (LeGNSS). As a result, the initialization time of PPP is expected to be shortened to the level of a few minutes or even seconds depending on the number of the LEO satellites involved. In this article, we simulate all the relevant data from June 8th to 14th, 2014 and investigate the feasibility of LeGNSS with the concentration on the key issues in the whole data processing for providing real-time PPP service based on a system configuration with fourteen satellites of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), twenty-four satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and sixty-six satellites of the Iridium satellite constellations. At the server-end, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and Precise Clock Estimation (PCE) with various operational modes are investigated using simulated observations. It is found out that GNSS POD with partial LEO satellites is the most practical mode of LeGNSS operation. At the user-end, the Geometry Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) and Signal-In-Space Ranging Error (SISRE) are calculated and assessed for different positioning schemes in order to demonstrate the performance of LeGNSS. Centimeter level SISRE can be achieved for LeGNSS.     

铷频标温度系数影响因素分析与改进方法研究

高性能的被动型铷原子频率标准（以下简称铷频标）主要用于恶劣工作环境等特殊领域,铷频标的准确度和稳定度是卫星定位的两项关键技术,铷频标的稳定度包括短期稳定度和中长期稳定度,而中长期稳定度主要由温度系数决定。本文从改善铷频标温度系数的目的出发,全面梳理和分析了影响铷频标温度系数的主要因素,提出零温度系数等高线图优化法和零光频移灯激励电压优化法,并通过改进物理部分结构热设计等措施,优化了铷频标物理部分的温度系数。经试验验证,结果表明整机温度系数约为-2E-14/℃,铷频标的10⁵s稳定度5.52E-15,改善物理部分温度系数的方法和措施是有效的。     

基于同步双口SRAM的原子磁强计磁共振相位提取系统设计

针对原子磁强计磁共振激励信号相位提取过程中,数据量大、实时性强、同步要求高等特点,设计了一种基于同步双口SRAM的磁共振相位信息提取系统。首先利用FPGA控制高速同步采样AD进行数据转换;然后经同步双口SRAM实现数据的高速缓存和同步读写;最后由DSP经外部中断触发定时读取缓存的数据,并进行数字锁相处理,提取相位信息。实验结果表明:该系统对频率为35~350kHz之间的正弦信号相位提取稳定度达到0.006°,满足原子磁强计静态噪声小于20pT的应用要求。